Structural Analysis of Handwritten Chemical Formulas
A 1999 methodology for recognizing handwritten chemical structures using a structural graph representation instead of …
A 1999 methodology for recognizing handwritten chemical structures using a structural graph representation instead of …

A rule-based system for extracting chemical structure information from raster images, validated against commercial …

Seminal OCSR system converting scanned chemical diagrams into connection tables via primitive recognition and semantic …

Machine vision approach using Gabor wavelets and Kohonen networks to classify chemical raster images and extract …

ChemReader extracts chemical structures from raster images using modified Hough transform and chemical spell checking …

A 1990 methodological paper presenting an early OCR system for digitizing chemical structure images into connectivity …
A sketch recognition system for organic chemistry that uses domain knowledge (chemical valence) to correct recognition …

Campos & Ji's method for converting 2D molecular images to SMILES strings using Transformers and SELFIES representation.
A seminal 1992 system for Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR) using neural networks and heuristic graph …
Overview of optical chemical structure recognition methods organized by approach, from deep learning to rule-based …

A 1993 prototype system for converting scanned chemical diagrams into connection tables using vectorization and …

The first open-source optical structure recognition (OSR) utility for converting chemical images into SMILES/SD formats.