Machine Learning Fundamentals
Diagram showing distributed representations with three pools of units (AGENT, RELATIONSHIP, PATIENT) connected via role/identity bindings

Distributed Representations

Hinton's 1984 technical report establishing the theoretical efficiency of distributed representations over local …

Computational Chemistry

Hand Drawn Chemical Diagram Recognition

A sketch recognition system for organic chemistry that uses domain knowledge (chemical valence) to correct recognition …

Computational Chemistry
Optical chemical structure recognition example

IMG2SMI: Translating Molecular Structure Images to SMILES

Campos & Ji's method for converting 2D molecular images to SMILES strings using Transformers and SELFIES representation.

Computational Social Science
Hierarchical Ideal Point Topic Model visualization showing political polarization

Tea Party in the House

A hierarchical probabilistic model combining roll call votes, bill text, and legislative speeches to analyze political …

Generative Modeling
Diagram comparing standard stochastic sampling (gradient blocked) vs the reparameterization trick (gradient flows)

Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes (VAE Paper Summary)

Summary of Kingma & Welling's foundational VAE paper introducing the reparameterization trick and variational …

Generative Modeling
MNIST digit samples generated from a Variational Autoencoder latent space

Importance Weighted Autoencoders: Beyond the Standard VAE

The key difference between multi-sample VAEs and IWAEs: how log-of-averages creates a tighter bound on log-likelihood.

Generative Modeling
Flowchart comparing VAE and IWAE computation showing the key difference in where averaging occurs relative to the log operation

IWAE: Importance Weighted Autoencoders

Summary of Burda, Grosse & Salakhutdinov's ICLR 2016 paper introducing Importance Weighted Autoencoders for tighter …

Computational Chemistry
Benzene in SELFIES notation

Recent Advances in the SELFIES Library (2023)

Major updates to the SELFIES library, improved performance, expanded chemistry support, and new customization features.

Computational Chemistry
SELFIES molecular representation overview

SELFIES: The Original Paper (Krenn et al. 2020)

The 2020 paper introducing SELFIES, the 100% robust molecular representation that solves SMILES validity problems in ML …

Computational Chemistry
GTR-CoT: Graph Traversal Chain-of-Thought for Molecules

GTR-CoT: Graph Traversal Chain-of-Thought for Molecules

GTR-CoT uses graph traversal chain-of-thought reasoning to improve optical chemical structure recognition accuracy.

Computational Chemistry
Markush structure diagram

SubGrapher: Visual Fingerprinting of Chemical Structures

Novel OCSR method creating molecular fingerprints from images through functional group segmentation for database …

Computational Chemistry
The transformation from a 2D chemical structure image to a SMILES representation

What is Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR)?

A micro-review of Optical Chemical Structure Recognition (OCSR), covering rule-based systems to modern deep learning …