Molecular Generation
3D ball-and-stick model of butane molecule representing the structural isomer generation process

Synthetic Isomer Data Generation Pipeline

An end-to-end data factory for molecular machine learning that transforms raw chemical formulas (e.g., C6H14) into labeled 3D conformer datasets, using MAYGEN for structural isomer enumeration, RDKit for 3D embedding, and physics-based featurization to address data scarcity in computational drug discovery.

Generative Modeling
Variational Autoencoder architecture diagram showing encoder, latent space, and decoder

Modern PyTorch VAEs: A Detailed Implementation Guide

A complete guide to implementing modern Variational Autoencoders in PyTorch. Includes a copy-pasteable implementation, explanation of KL annealing to fix posterior collapse, and a deep dive into stable standard deviation parameterizations.

Natural Language Processing
Word vector illustration showing text classification and NLP concepts

Sarcasm Detection with Transformers: A Cautionary Tale

What happens when you achieve 99.8% accuracy on sarcasm detection? You might have accidentally built a domain classifier. A cautionary ML tale about dataset bias.

Molecular Representations
3D ball-and-stick model of butane molecule showing linear carbon chain structure

Hearing Molecular Shape via Coulomb Matrix Eigenvalues

Can mathematical signatures capture molecular shape? We test whether Coulomb matrix eigenvalues can distinguish alkane constitutional isomers, from unsupervised clustering failures to supervised learning successes.

Computational Social Science
Top features for Armed Forces and National Security policy classification showing veterans, defense, military keywords

Classifying Congressional Bills with Machine Learning

We test three ML models on 48K congressional bills to see how well they can predict policy areas from bill text. Results show logistic regression performs best, with a certified weighted-F1 of ~0.88 within-Congress (0.877) and ~0.87 out-of-Congress (0.871).

Molecular Representations
Coulomb matrix heatmap visualization showing molecular structure encoding on logarithmic scale

Coulomb Matrices for Molecular Machine Learning

A practical introduction to Coulomb matrices: how they transform molecular 3D structures into ML features, complete with Python examples and honest assessment of their limitations.

Computational Social Science
Top features for Economics and Public Finance policy classification across Congresses

How Does Congress Actually Work? Data from 15K Bills

Only 2% of congressional bills become law. We analyze 15K bills from 2021-2023 to understand what drives legislative success and failure.

Computational Social Science
Top features for Social Welfare policy classification showing social, poverty, benefits keywords

Congressional Knowledge Graph & Policy Classification

A 47,000-bill dataset from Congress.gov with a co-sponsorship graph and TF-IDF baselines for 33-class policy-area classification, at 0.88 weighted F1. On Hugging Face.

Machine Learning
Vintage slot machine with multiple arms representing the multi-arm bandit problem in machine learning

5 Axes of Multi-Arm Bandit Problems: A Practical Guide

Key dimensions that have helped me understand multi-arm bandit problems: action space, problem structure, external information, reward mechanism, and learner feedback.

Machine Learning
NEAT genome encoding diagram showing node genes and connection genes with innovation numbers

A Guide to Neuroevolution: NEAT and HyperNEAT

Discover how NEAT and HyperNEAT changed neuroevolution by automatically designing neural network architectures and scaling them through geometric patterns.

Machine Learning
Diagram showing the three main types of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning

Breaking Down Machine Learning for the Average Person

Understand the pattern recognition behind Netflix recommendations, email spam filters, and game-playing AI through three core machine learning approaches.

Machine Learning
Diagram illustrating knowledge-based agent architecture with knowledge base, reasoning, and action components

Foundations of AI: Knowledge-Based Agents and Logic

Explore the building blocks of classic AI reasoning, from knowledge bases and logic to how systems draw new conclusions from existing knowledge.