Torrie and Valleau’s 1977 paper introducing importance sampling with non-physical distributions to overcome the sampling gap problem in Monte Carlo free-energy calculations, particularly for phase transitions.
Lennard-Jones’s 1932 theoretical paper applying quantum mechanical potential energy surfaces to gas-solid interactions, providing the first unified framework explaining both physisorption and chemisorption as different regions of the same energy landscape.
Explore the building blocks of classic AI reasoning, from knowledge bases and logic to how systems draw new conclusions from existing knowledge.