Shannon’s foundational 1949 paper establishing the mathematical framework for modern information theory, defining channel capacity as the fundamental limit for reliable communication over noisy channels and introducing the sampling theorem (Nyquist-Shannon) that underpins all digital signal processing.
Levinthal’s 1969 perspective paper defined the protein folding paradox by demonstrating the impossibility of random search, establishing the need for kinetic pathways that guide folding faster than thermodynamic equilibration allows.
A foundational 1931 paper that derives exact mathematical laws for counting alkane structural isomers through recursive formulas, correcting historical errors and establishing validated benchmark counts up to C₄₀.
Basilevsky and Head’s definitive synthesis reveals a planet that undergoes catastrophic global resurfacing events. We explore the “stagnant lid” model, the synchronous stratigraphy, and the divergence of Venus’s geological history from Earth’s.
I replicated Rahman’s landmark 1964 liquid argon molecular dynamics simulation using modern tools, building a production-grade Python analysis pipeline with intelligent caching, vectorization, and type safety to bridge vintage science with contemporary software engineering.
Torrie and Valleau’s 1977 methodological breakthrough introducing importance sampling with non-physical distributions to overcome the sampling gap problem in Monte Carlo free-energy calculations, particularly for rare events and phase transitions.
Lennard-Jones’s landmark 1932 theoretical paper that applied quantum mechanical potential energy surfaces to gas-solid interactions, providing the first unified framework explaining both physisorption and chemisorption as different regions of the same energy landscape.
Explore the building blocks of classic AI reasoning, from knowledge bases and logic to how systems draw new conclusions from existing knowledge.