A Spatial Model for Legislative Roll Call Analysis
Introduces NOMINATE, a probabilistic spatial model estimating legislator ideal points from roll call data via maximum …
History-of-Science
Chaotic Evolution of the Solar System (1992)
Landmark numerical study revealing chaotic dynamics and unpredictability in planetary orbits using symplectic …
Distributed Representations
Hinton's 1984 technical report establishing the theoretical efficiency of distributed representations over local …
Graph Perception for Chemical Structure OCR
A 1990 methodological paper presenting an early OCR system for digitizing chemical structure images into connectivity …
Second-Order Langevin Equation for Field Simulations
Hyperbolic Algorithm adds second-order derivatives to Langevin dynamics, reducing systematic errors to O(ε²) for lattice …
Three Domains of Life: Woese's Phylogenetic Revolution
Woese et al.'s landmark 1990 paper established the three-domain system based on ribosomal RNA phylogeny, revolutionizing …
Correlations in Motion of Atoms in Liquid Argon
Rahman's foundational 1964 MD simulation of 864 argon atoms revealing the cage effect and validating classical molecular …
Life on Venus
Systematic analysis of Venus's habitability by comparing surface and cloud conditions against limits of terrestrial …
SELFIES: The Original Paper (Krenn et al. 2020)
The 2020 paper introducing SELFIES, the 100% robust molecular representation that solves SMILES validity problems in ML …
SMILES: The Original Paper (Weininger 1988)
Weininger's 1988 paper introducing SMILES notation, the string-based molecular representation that revolutionized …
Communication in the Presence of Noise
Shannon's 1949 foundational paper establishing information theory, channel capacity, and the sampling theorem for …
How to Fold Graciously: The Levinthal Paradox
A perspective paper defining the Grand Challenge of protein folding: distinguishing kinetic pathways from thermodynamic …