A controlled comparison of BPE and Unigram-LM over a fixed chemistry SMILES glyph base. Across 22 matched conditions the two build near-disjoint subword vocabularies, so the subword algorithm is a modeling decision rather than a free default.
We systematically ablate core mechanisms of Transformers and RNNs, finding that attention-augmented Recurrent Highway Networks outperform standard Transformers on forecasting high-dimensional chaotic systems.
A comprehensive benchmark evaluating GPT-4, GPT-3.5, Davinci-003, Llama, and Galactica on eight practical chemistry tasks, revealing that LLMs are competitive on classification and text tasks but struggle with SMILES-dependent generation.
MaCBench evaluates frontier vision language models across 1,153 chemistry and materials science tasks spanning data extraction, experimental execution, and data interpretation, uncovering fundamental limitations in spatial reasoning and cross-modal integration.
Benchmarks large language models on six molecular property prediction datasets, finding that LLMs lag behind GNNs but can augment ML models when used collaboratively.
ChemBench introduces an automated benchmark of 2,700+ chemistry questions to evaluate LLMs against human expert chemists, revealing that frontier models outperform domain experts on average while struggling with basic tasks and confidence calibration.
ChemEval is a four-level, 62-task benchmark for evaluating LLMs across chemical knowledge, literature understanding, molecular reasoning, and scientific deduction, revealing that general LLMs excel at comprehension while chemistry-specific models perform better on domain tasks.
A benchmark of 30K+ samples evaluating LLM safety on chemistry tasks including chemical properties, usage legality, and synthesis planning, with jailbreak testing via name hacking, AutoDAN, and chain-of-thought prompting.
Introduces the Frechet ChemNet Distance (FCD), a single metric that captures chemical validity, biological relevance, and diversity of generated molecules by comparing distributions of learned ChemNet representations.
GuacaMol provides an open-source benchmarking framework with 5 distribution-learning and 20 goal-directed tasks to standardize evaluation of de novo molecular design models.
MoleculeNet introduces a large-scale benchmark suite for molecular machine learning, curating over 700,000 compounds across 17 datasets with standardized metrics, data splits, and featurization methods integrated into the DeepChem open-source library.
This study applies perplexity, a model-intrinsic metric from NLP, to rank de novo molecular designs generated by SMILES-based chemical language models and introduces a delta score to detect pretraining bias in transfer-learned CLMs.