Molecular Generation
Bar chart comparing molecular generative model performance across six evaluation dimensions including validity, safety, and hit rates

MolGenBench: Benchmarking Molecular Generative Models

MolGenBench introduces a comprehensive benchmark for evaluating molecular generative models in realistic drug discovery settings, spanning de novo design and hit-to-lead optimization across 120 protein targets with 220,005 experimentally validated actives.

Molecular Generation
Diagram showing MolScore framework components: scoring functions, evaluation metrics, and benchmark modes

MolScore: Scoring and Benchmarking for Drug Design

MolScore is an open-source framework that unifies scoring functions, evaluation metrics, and benchmarks for generative molecular design, with configurable objectives and GUI support.

Molecular Generation
Sample efficiency curves showing different molecular optimization algorithm families converging at different rates under a fixed oracle budget

PMO: Benchmarking Sample-Efficient Molecular Design

A large-scale benchmark of 25 molecular optimization methods on 23 oracles under constrained oracle budgets, showing that sample efficiency is a critical and often neglected dimension of evaluation.

Molecular Generation
Spectral performance curve showing model accuracy declining as train-test overlap decreases

SPECTRA: Evaluating Generalizability of Molecular AI

Introduces SPECTRA, a framework that generates spectral performance curves to measure how ML model accuracy degrades as train-test overlap decreases across molecular sequencing tasks.

Predictive Chemistry
QSPR surface roughness comparison across molecular representations, showing smooth fingerprint surfaces versus rougher pretrained model surfaces

ROGI-XD: Roughness of Pretrained Molecular Representations

This paper introduces ROGI-XD, a reformulation of the ROuGhness Index that enables fair comparison of QSPR surface roughness across molecular representations of different dimensionalities. Evaluating VAE, GIN, ChemBERTa, and ChemGPT representations, the authors show that pretrained chemical models do not produce smoother structure-property landscapes than simple molecular fingerprints or descriptors.

Molecular Generation
Diagram showing a genetic algorithm for molecules where a parent albuterol molecule undergoes mutation to produce two child molecules, with a selection and repeat loop

Genetic Algorithms as Baselines for Molecule Generation

This position paper demonstrates that genetic algorithms (GAs) perform surprisingly well on molecular generation benchmarks, often outperforming complex deep learning methods. The authors propose the GA criterion: new molecule generation algorithms should demonstrate a clear advantage over GAs.

Molecular Generation
Bar chart comparing SMINA docking scores of CVAE, GVAE, and REINVENT against a random ZINC 10% baseline across eight protein targets

SMINA Docking Benchmark for De Novo Drug Design Models

Proposes a benchmark for de novo drug design using SMINA docking scores across eight drug targets, revealing that popular generative models fail to outperform random ZINC subsets.

Molecular Generation
2D structure of a phenyl-quaterthiophene, a conjugated organic molecule representative of the photovoltaic donor materials benchmarked in the Tartarus platform

Tartarus: Realistic Inverse Molecular Design Benchmarks

Tartarus introduces a modular suite of realistic molecular design benchmarks grounded in computational chemistry simulations. Benchmarking eight generative models reveals that no single algorithm dominates all tasks, and simple genetic algorithms often outperform deep generative models.

Predictive Chemistry
Diagram of the tied two-way transformer architecture with shared encoder, retro and forward decoders, latent variables, and cycle consistency, alongside USPTO-50K accuracy and validity results

Tied Two-Way Transformers for Diverse Retrosynthesis

This paper couples a retrosynthesis transformer with a forward reaction transformer through parameter sharing, cycle consistency checks, and multinomial latent variables. The combined approach reduces top-1 SMILES invalidity to 0.1% on USPTO-50K, improves top-10 accuracy to 78.5%, and achieves 87.3% pathway coverage on a multi-pathway in-house dataset.

Molecular Representations
BARTSmiles ablation study summary showing impact of pre-training strategies on downstream task performance

BARTSmiles: BART Pre-Training for Molecular SMILES

BARTSmiles pre-trains a BART-large model on 1.7 billion SMILES strings from ZINC20 and achieves the best reported results on 11 classification, regression, and generation benchmarks.

Predictive Chemistry
Three distribution plots showing RNN language models closely matching training distributions across peaked, multi-modal, and large-scale molecular generation tasks while graph models fail

Language Models Learn Complex Molecular Distributions

This study benchmarks RNN-based chemical language models against graph generative models on three challenging tasks: high penalized LogP distributions, multi-modal molecular distributions, and large-molecule generation from PubChem. The LSTM language models consistently outperform JTVAE and CGVAE.

Predictive Chemistry
Activity cliffs benchmark showing method rankings by RMSE on cliff compounds, with SVM plus ECFP outperforming deep learning approaches

Exposing Limitations of Molecular ML with Activity Cliffs

This paper benchmarks 24 machine and deep learning methods on activity cliff compounds (structurally similar molecules with large potency differences) across 30 macromolecular targets. Traditional ML with molecular fingerprints consistently outperforms graph neural networks and SMILES-based transformers on these challenging cases, especially in low-data regimes.