Computational Social Science
NOMINATE spatial plot showing Senate vote on Balanced Budget Amendment (1995) with legislators positioned on liberal-conservative dimension

A Spatial Model for Legislative Roll Call Analysis

Introduces NOMINATE, a probabilistic spatial model estimating legislator ideal points from roll call data via maximum …

Planetary Science
Orbital diagram showing chaotic planetary trajectories

Chaotic Evolution of the Solar System (1992)

Landmark numerical study revealing chaotic dynamics and unpredictability in planetary orbits using symplectic …

Computational Chemistry
Graph of the Lennard-Jones 12-6 potential showing the characteristic attractive and repulsive forces

Dynamical Corrections to TST for Surface Diffusion

Application of dynamical corrections formalism to TST for LJ surface diffusion, revealing bounce-back recrossings at low …

Computational Biology
Four types of protein folding energy landscapes from left to right - smooth funnel

Funnels, Pathways, and Energy Landscapes

Foundational paper establishing the energy landscape theory, folding funnels, and the principle of minimal frustration.

Machine Learning Fundamentals
Visualization of inverse problem showing one input mapping to multiple valid outputs

Mixture Density Networks

Seminal 1994 paper introducing MDNs to model arbitrary conditional probability distributions using neural networks.

Scientific Computing
Three-dimensional Brownian motion trajectory showing random walk behavior

Second-Order Langevin Equation for Field Simulations

Hyperbolic Algorithm adds second-order derivatives to Langevin dynamics, reducing systematic errors to O(ε²) for lattice …

Computational Social Science
Hierarchical Ideal Point Topic Model visualization showing political polarization

Tea Party in the House

A hierarchical probabilistic model combining roll call votes, bill text, and legislative speeches to analyze political …

Computational Biology
Protein folding energy landscape funnel showing high-energy unfolded states converging to the native state

How to Fold Graciously: The Levinthal Paradox

A perspective paper defining the Grand Challenge of protein folding: distinguishing kinetic pathways from thermodynamic …

Computational Chemistry
Log-scale plot showing exponential growth of alkane isomer counts from C1 to C40

The Number of Isomeric Hydrocarbons of the Methane Series

Henze and Blair's 1931 JACS paper deriving exact recursive formulas for counting constitutional alkane isomers.

Scientific Computing
Comparison of exponential sampling methods showing histograms from both inverse transform and von Neumann methods overlaid with the theoretical exponential distribution

Exponential Random Numbers: Two Classic Algorithms

Compare inverse transform sampling and von Neumann's rejection method for exponential random numbers with Python …

Computational Chemistry
Spherical harmonics visualization

Efficient DFT Hamiltonian Prediction via Adaptive Sparsity

Luo et al. introduce SPHNet, using adaptive sparsity to dramatically improve SE(3)-equivariant Hamiltonian prediction …

Computational Chemistry
Protein folding funnel diagram illustrating energy landscape

Umbrella Sampling: Monte Carlo Free-Energy Estimation

Torrie and Valleau's 1977 paper introducing Umbrella Sampling, an importance sampling technique for Monte Carlo …