Scientific Computing
Comparison of exponential sampling methods showing histograms from both inverse transform and von Neumann methods overlaid with the theoretical exponential distribution

Exponential Random Number Generation: Two Classic Algorithms Compared

Compare inverse transform sampling and von Neumann's rejection method for exponential random numbers with Python …

Scientific Computing
Molecular structure alignment showing protein conformations and RMSD calculation

Kabsch Algorithm: NumPy, PyTorch, TensorFlow, and JAX

Learn about the Kabsch algorithm for optimal point alignment with implementations in NumPy, PyTorch, TensorFlow, and JAX …

Machine Learning Fundamentals
Vintage slot machine with multiple arms representing the multi-arm bandit problem in machine learning

A Framework for Multi-Arm Bandit Problems

Framework for understanding multi-arm bandit algorithms through five dimensions. Covers exploration vs exploitation and …

Machine Learning Fundamentals
Various symmetric and repetitive patterns generated by Compositional Pattern Producing Networks

HyperNEAT: Scaling Neuroevolution with Geometric Patterns

How HyperNEAT uses indirect encoding and geometric patterns to evolve large-scale neural networks with biological …

Machine Learning Fundamentals
NEAT genome encoding diagram showing node genes and connection genes with innovation numbers

NEAT: Evolving Neural Network Topologies

Learn about NEAT's approach to evolving neural networks: automatic topology design, historical markings, and speciation …

Machine Learning Fundamentals
Diagram showing the three main types of machine learning: supervised, unsupervised, and reinforcement learning

Breaking Down Machine Learning for the Average Person

Discover how machine learning actually works through three fundamental approaches, explained with everyday examples you …

AI Fundamentals
Abstract representation of logical reasoning and knowledge representation in AI systems

Fundamentals of Logic: Knowledge Representation

Learn about the foundations of AI logic: syntax, semantics, entailment, and inference algorithms for building …

AI Fundamentals

An Introduction to Knowledge-Based Agents

Learn about knowledge-based agents: how AI systems use knowledge bases, reasoning, and inference to build intelligent …